Analysis of Research Paper free essay sample

Gloria Vandello May 12, 2013 How are statistics used in your workplace? Statistics are used in the entire hospital, where I work. Before taking this class I didn’t gave it much thought of just how much statistics are being used in every floor. I guess I always believed that the word â€Å"statistics† was mainly used in the research department and that is where it should stay since it didn’t seem interesting enough to study. Now that I’m taking this class statistics seem to be all over my work place, just on my floor alone posters of statistical data are becoming more visible to me. The poster on infection control for MRSA for example asks the question is our floor doing on testing patients when they are admitted and again when they are discharged home is showing how we are doing and how many more needs need to get done from all of us who work there to keep this nasty bug from our patients. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What is one example of descriptive statistics used in your workplace? I work in a busy post-surgical floor most times when our surgical patients come to our floor they are in very much pain. Depending on the type of surgery and individual how hard is to transfer them to the bed. Recently our hospital went in to the no lifting process, since we were having many people getting hurt and either work on light duty or not at all. Our Hospital spend a lot of money in making sure it is now a no lifting place; and yes it sounds very nice so there is now a study being done on prevention on work place injuries sounds great, but the problem is that to use the different equipment requires at least two individuals to operate except most days we are short staff and that was one major contributor to getting hurt. What is one example of inferential statistics used in your workplace? Inferential Statistics is used in my surgical floor in many ways such as when Doctors order a narcotic medication for a post op individual thinking that because is usually the drug of choice it will work, however every individual is different and for is that this particular drug may not be the choice drug, since statistical Inference is the process of drawing conclusions and can be subject to random variations. How is data at each of the four levels of measurement used in your workplace? If your workplace does not use all four levels, describe how such data could be used? In my workplace we are using statistics every time we are caring for our patients one example is such when we take their vital signs to get a baseline while taking the temperature of twenty patients and knowing that 98. 6 is the normal temperature by already doing this we are using Inferential Statistics without even knowing and when done with the vital signs and doing an average number within all twenty of the patients the descriptive statistics is used, I guess I been a nurse for many years and have utilize statistics in many ways but never stop to think that without even knowing I very much been utilizing stats to find answers. Since my hospital does a lot of Kidney Transplants, we who care for them must know how to care for them what to watch for, and what to expect after surgery sometimes after receiving the new kidney some patients remain going to Dialysis until the new kidney is accepted by their body in this cases for this patients is very important to check their weight daily, their urine output is very important to keep accurate output, their vitals are equally important, their labs such as potassium and creatnine since if not able to keep the creatnine at a good level it well damage the new kidney this information reminds me of the â€Å"bell shaped† distribution. What are the advantages of accurate interpretation of statistical information to improve decision making in your organization? There are too many to list, since my workplace is a Hospital and every life is equally important so being able to understand and have confidence that after making whatever decision will always be for the ben efit of the patient.

Essays on Plato and Aristotle

Essays on Plato and Aristotle Essays on Plato and Aristotle Essays on Plato and AristotleThe name of Aristotle is for many generations associated with great ideas and contribution into metaphysical, political, ethical views in the field of philosophy, as well as biology, botany, mathematics, medicine and agriculture. He was one of Plato’s students, who however finally rejected his theory of forms and was considered by most researchers more empirically-minded than Plato and his teacher – Socrates. Aristotle introduced new ideas into the most of spheres of life, which he worked with. In total this philosopher produced around 200 treatises, out of which only 31 were saved for future generations. Mostly, these were lectures, some drafts, notes, manuscripts, which are said to lack the general prose style, used by Aristotle. A great contribution he maid into the sphere of mathematics and biology, moreover some of the classifications, he suggested, are in use till nowadays.   Further in this paper we are going to study the key views of Aristotle in the fields of metaphysics, ethics, politics, epistemology in comparison to other his contemporaries and philosophers.The name metaphysics was given to the works of Aristotle on first philosophy. Aristotle treats philosophy starting from its historical appearance, according to him, it developed as soon as all the basic human needs were secured. Religion could answer all the life questions of an individual only partially, and thus the constant feelings of curiosity provided a good ground for the development of the philosophical views and ideas. Socrates is considered to be one of the first philosophers, contributing to â€Å"the expression of general conceptions in the form of definitions, which he arrived at by induction and analogy† (Ackrill, 1997). Aristotle in his turn understood metaphysics, as the combination of the first principles of scientific knowledge, the unique condition for the whole existing world. For his metaphysics deals directly with being as being, involving at the same time all the attributes to the process of being. This means, that for example in mathematics the being is described with the help of lines and angles, in reality existence is not included as it is in itself. The character of metaphysics is rather universal, that is why it is often compared to sophistry or dialectics. The key difference between metaphysics and dialectics is in its preliminary character; from sophistry it differs due to non-consideration of reality for formulating the basis of knowledge. According to Aristotle there are a lot of universal truths. â€Å"Against the followers of Heraclitus and Protagoras, Aristotle defends both the laws of contradiction, and that of excluded middle. He does this by showing that their denial is suicidal. Carried out to its logical consequences, the denial of these laws would lead to the sameness of all facts and all assertions. It would also result in indifference in conduct† (Adler, 1978). The main qu estion, asked in the metaphysics of Aristotle is the following – what is understood under the actual substance? Plato stated that the universal element of knowledge and existence are the corresponding forms which remain permanent, when the senses change. Aristotle didn’t agree with this position. He argued that forms do not have the necessary power to explain what changes happen to things. Neither could they be responsible for realization, of how people come to certain knowledge about some special things. The last weak point of this theory Aristotle found in the lack of special forms for explaining our knowledge about art and its objects. Aristotle could not agree with the existence of some abstract forms, as he understood the form rather inside the phenomena of sense; the real being as a concrete thing, and not an abstract form.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"In the Metaphysics, though, it frequently inclines towards realism (that is, substance has a real existence in itself)† (Adl er, 1978). He used causes in order to explain the relations between one and many, which seemed so difficult for most philosophers before. According to him there are four causes â€Å"Material cause, or the elements  out of which an object is created; Efficient cause, or the means  by which it is created; Formal cause, or the expression of  what it is; Final cause, or the end  for which it is† (Adler, 1978). Aristotle really managed to treat the problems of metaphysics deeper than his teacher, introducing a number of interesting ideas and approaches.The aim of the Aristotle’s philosophy was the universal, the same like by his teacher – Plato. But the difference was that he found the universal in special things, he referred to it as essence of things; for Plato the universal was not included into the particular things, but building a separate prototype. Epistemology of Aristotle is guided by the study of particular things and then coming to the knowledge o f essences. â€Å"For Aristotle, form still refers to the unconditional basis of phenomena but is instantiated in a particular substance (see Universals and particulars, below). In a certain sense, Aristotles method is both inductive and deductive, while Platos is essentially deductive from a priori principles† (Ackrill, 1997).Aristotle introduced the notion â€Å"natural philosophy† as a branch of philosophy, conducting studies of natural world and its phenomena; nowadays these are such disciplines as biology or physics and so on. Nowadays however the studies of natural world are not related to philosophy, which is actually occupied with such issues as ethics, logic, metaphysics. Aristotle made a clear difference between â€Å"science† and â€Å"scientific method†, as for him â€Å"all science (dianoia) is either practical, poetical or theoretical (Ackrill, 1997). By practical science, he means ethics and politics; by poetical science, he means the stud y of poetry and the other fine arts; by theoretical science, he means physics, mathematics and metaphysics† (Adler, 1978). Aristotle paid a great attention to studies of the objects of natural world, science. His contributions to mathematics were not considerable enough in comparison to his researches in the fields of zoology, botany, chemistry, astronomy.Aristotle studied the issues of ethics, viewing it as a try to find out the highest good. This main end is usually referred to as happiness. Happiness is related to some personal experience, which causes immediate controversy to the theory of Plato of self-existing good. The good should be practical, present in the lives of individuals. It can not be substituted with vegetative life, the one which plants have, neither with the sensitive life of animals. â€Å"It follows therefore that true happiness lies in the active life of a rational being or in a perfect realization and outworking of the true soul and self, continued thr oughout a lifetime† (Ackrill, 1997).Essays on Plato and Aristotle part 2